How Meta and Google Are Pioneering Clean Energy with Advanced Geothermal Solutions

Big tech companies are on a quest for clean energy to meet the soaring electricity demand of their expanding data centers. With sustainability at the forefront, giants like Facebook (under Meta) and Google are turning to a promising, yet unconventional, solution—harnessing the Earth’s deep geothermal heat using cutting-edge drilling technologies originally developed for the oil and gas industry. This approach marks a significant step toward reducing carbon footprints while powering the digital future.

The Growing Need for Sustainable Energy Solutions

The digital revolution has sparked an unprecedented demand for data centers, with companies like Meta and Google leading the charge. These data hubs are essential for everything from social media and cloud storage to artificial intelligence. However, the vast energy needs of these centers pose a significant challenge, particularly as tech firms commit to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. With traditional energy sources such as coal and gas increasingly falling out of favor, the hunt for reliable, clean energy alternatives has intensified.

Meta’s Bold Move: Collaborating with Sage Geosystems

In a groundbreaking move, Meta announced a partnership with the start-up Sage Geosystems to develop an innovative form of geothermal energy. Sage plans to generate up to 150 megawatts of electricity, which is enough to power approximately 70,000 homes. This electricity will help fuel Meta’s ever-growing network of data centers. Unlike conventional geothermal plants, which rely on naturally occurring underground hot water reservoirs, Sage’s approach involves drilling deep into the Earth’s crust and using fracking techniques to create artificial fractures. Water is then pumped into these fractures, where it is heated by the Earth’s natural heat. The resulting steam is used to drive turbines, producing clean, emissions-free electricity.

“It’s basically the same fracking technology,” explains Cindy Taff, CEO of Sage Geosystems and a former Shell executive. “The difference is that we’re going after clean heat instead of hydrocarbons.”

Sage has already successfully drilled a test well in South Texas and aims to build its first large-scale power plant by 2027. The project’s location will be somewhere east of the Rocky Mountains, a region with significant geothermal potential.

Google’s Geothermal Ambitions: Partnering with Fervo Energy

Meta isn’t the only tech giant betting on geothermal energy. Google has partnered with Fervo Energy, another start-up specializing in advanced geothermal technology. Together, they are building a 5-megawatt pilot plant in Nevada, which has already begun feeding electricity into the grid. This is just the beginning, as Google has signed on for a more extensive geothermal power supply in the coming years to support its data centers.

Fervo Energy’s most ambitious project to date is a 400-megawatt plant in Utah. Expected to come online in 2026, this plant will provide electricity to utilities in Southern California, further solidifying geothermal energy’s role in the clean energy landscape.

The Urgency of Clean, Round-the-Clock Power

The surge in data center construction, fueled by advancements in artificial intelligence and cloud computing, underscores the urgent need for reliable, clean energy. Data centers require a constant supply of electricity, which intermittent sources like wind and solar cannot provide alone. Geothermal energy, however, offers a consistent power output, making it an ideal complement to other renewable energy sources.

“We’re going to need every tool in the arsenal,” says Michelle Solomon, a senior policy analyst at Energy Innovation. “In the near term, enhanced geothermal might play a relatively small role, but I feel very optimistic about where the technology is going.”

The Potential and Challenges of Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy has been a part of the global energy mix for decades, but its use has been limited due to geological constraints. Traditional geothermal plants can only be built in areas where hot water reservoirs are close to the Earth’s surface, such as parts of California and Iceland. As a result, geothermal currently accounts for just 0.4% of the United States’ electricity production.

However, the potential for geothermal energy is vast. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, geothermal could supply 90,000 megawatts of electricity by 2050—a twentyfold increase from today’s levels. Achieving this will require significant technological advancements, particularly in drilling techniques, to unlock the heat stored deep within the Earth’s crust.

Fervo Energy, for example, has made substantial progress in this area, reducing drilling times by up to 70% in just one year. “We’re already way ahead of where people expected us to be, and we’re expecting more dramatic cost reductions in the future,” says Tim Latimer, CEO of Fervo Energy.

Federal Support and the Role of Big Tech

Despite its promise, next-generation geothermal technology has received less federal funding compared to other clean energy sources like hydrogen and nuclear power. This is partly because geothermal’s potential has only recently come to light. As a result, support from tech companies like Meta and Google is crucial for the development of this emerging energy source.

Urvi Parekh, head of renewable energy at Meta, emphasizes the importance of early commitments from companies to help geothermal start-ups secure funding and equipment. “There’s tremendous value to us making that commitment today,” Parekh explains. “That way, they can take the steps necessary to get that project that we want to see on the electricity grids.”

The Future of Geothermal Energy in Big Tech’s Sustainability Goals

As the race to decarbonize intensifies, geothermal energy offers a promising solution for tech companies grappling with the dual challenges of high energy demands and environmental responsibility. With continued innovation and strategic partnerships, geothermal could play a pivotal role in powering the digital economy while helping to curb global carbon emissions.

The collaboration between tech giants like Meta and Google with geothermal pioneers such as Sage Geosystems and Fervo Energy marks a significant step forward in the quest for clean, reliable energy. By tapping into the Earth’s heat, these companies are not only addressing their massive energy needs but also setting a precedent for sustainable business practices in the tech industry. As the technology matures and costs continue to fall, advanced geothermal energy could become a cornerstone of the world’s clean energy future.